Lesson 10 · Discover Canada p.78–89
The Citizenship Regulations say you must "know the national symbols of Canada" — it is the one subject named explicitly, ahead of everything else. Treat this chapter as guaranteed.
| 1965 | The current maple leaf flag is raised for the first time |
| Red-white-red | From the flag of the Royal Military College, Kingston, founded 1876 |
| 1921 | Red and white become national colours, assigned by King George V |
| Union Jack | Canada's official Royal Flag |
| Canadian Red Ensign | Served as the flag for about 100 years |
| Fleur-de-lys | Adopted by the French king in 496; Quebec adopted its own flag in 1948 |
The maple leaf is Canada's best-known symbol — adopted by French-Canadians in the 1700s, on uniforms since the 1850s.
A Mari Usque Ad Mare — Latin for "from sea to sea". Adopted after the First World War as an expression of national pride.
Completed in the 1860s. The Centre Block burned in 1916 and was rebuilt in 1922 — the Library is the only original part remaining. The Peace Tower was completed in 1927 in memory of the First World War, and its Memorial Chamber holds the Books of Remembrance. p.80
| Ice hockey | Most popular spectator sport; national winter sport. Stanley Cup donated by Lord Stanley, Governor General, in 1892 |
| Lacrosse | The official summer sport; first played by Aboriginals |
| Canadian football | Second most popular. Grey Cup donated by Lord Grey, Governor General, in 1909 |
| Soccer | Most registered players of any game in Canada |
The Clarkson Cup, for women's hockey, was established in 2005 by Adrienne Clarkson, the 26th Governor General and the first of Asian origin.
A Hudson's Bay Company symbol; emblem of the St. Jean Baptiste Society from 1834. It appears on the five-cent coin. p.82
The Victoria Cross is the highest honour available to Canadians — awarded to 96 Canadians since 1854.
The Order of Canada began the Canadian honours system in 1967, the centennial of Confederation.
| Alexander Roberts Dunn | First Canadian V.C.; born in present-day Toronto; Charge of the Light Brigade, Balaclava, 1854 |
| William Hall | First black man awarded the V.C.; Nova Scotia; Siege of Lucknow, 1857 |
| Filip Konowal | Born in Ukraine; first Canadian Corps member not born in the British Empire to win it; Hill 70, 1917 |
| Billy Bishop | Flying ace; born Owen Sound, Ontario |
| Paul Triquet | Cabano, Quebec; Casa Berardi, Italy, 1943 |
| Robert Hampton Gray | Last Canadian to receive the V.C.; Trail, B.C.; August 1945 |
| New Year's Day | January 1 |
| Sir John A. Macdonald Day | January 11 |
| Vimy Day | April 9 |
| Victoria Day | Monday preceding May 25 (Sovereign's birthday) |
| Fête nationale (Quebec) | June 24 (Feast of St. John the Baptist) |
| Canada Day | July 1 |
| Labour Day | First Monday of September |
| Thanksgiving | Second Monday of October |
| Remembrance Day | November 11 |
| Sir Wilfrid Laurier Day | November 20 |
| Christmas / Boxing Day | December 25 / 26 |