Lesson 13 · Discover Canada p.98–99, plus current sources

Ontario & Central Canada

Your province. The guide's own study question is "What is the capital of the province or territory that you live in?" — and pages 70–74 ask you to fill in your own representatives by name.

Central Canada

Ontario and Quebec — more than half of all Canadians live near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River
The industrial and manufacturing heartland
Together they produce more than three-quarters of all Canadian manufactured goods
Cold winters, warm humid summers

Ontario itself

Capital	Toronto — Canada's largest city and main financial centre
Population	More than 12 million — over one-third of all Canadians
Founded by	United Empire Loyalists
French	The largest French-speaking population outside Quebec
Niagara region	Vineyards, wines and fruit crops
Farming	Dairy and beef cattle, poultry, vegetable and grain crops
Provincial police	The Ontario Provincial Police — Ontario and Quebec are the only two provinces with their own
Legislators called	MPP — Member of Provincial Parliament. Only Ontario uses this

Ottawa is in Ontario but is not its capital. Ottawa is the capital of Canada. Toronto is the capital of Ontario. Expect this to be tested.

The five Great Lakes

Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, Superior. Michigan is in the U.S.A. Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the world. A mnemonic: HOMES. p.99

Ontario in the rest of the guide

John Graves Simcoe	Upper Canada's first Lieutenant Governor; founded York, now Toronto; made Upper Canada first in the Empire to move against slavery, 1793
Upper Canada	Created 1791; later became Ontario
1813	Americans burned Government House and the Parliament Buildings at York
Queenston Heights	Near Niagara — where Sir Isaac Brock was killed, 1812
Billy Bishop	V.C. flying ace, born Owen Sound, Ontario
Alexander Roberts Dunn	First Canadian V.C., born in present-day Toronto
Sir Frederick Banting	Of Toronto — discovered insulin with Charles Best
Sir John A. Macdonald	A lawyer in Kingston, Ontario

Who holds office today

None of this is in your 2021 guide — it cannot be, because the people have changed since it was printed. These come from official government sources, verified 24 September 2026. If you are asked to name a current office-holder, only this table has the answer.

Office	Who, as of 24 Sept 2026
Sovereign / Head of State	King Charles III (acceded 8 September 2022)
Governor General — represents the Sovereign in Canada	Louise Arbour, 31st Governor General, sworn in 8 June 2026
Prime Minister — Head of Government	Mark Carney
Premier of Ontario — head of the provincial government	Doug Ford
Lieutenant Governor of Ontario — represents the Sovereign in Ontario	The Honourable Edith Dumont, 30th Lieutenant Governor, installed 14 November 2023

Sources: gg.ca, pm.gc.ca, ontario.ca, lgontario.ca — see research/exam-mechanics.md

My own representatives

Guide pages 70–74 ask you to fill these in. They depend on your address, so no study guide can supply them — and they are not stored in this repository. Type them in below and they are saved on this device only.

Where to look each one up. Federal riding and MP — elections.ca → Voter Information Service, which takes a postal code. Provincial riding and MPP — ola.org. Mayor and councillor — your city or town's own website.

Federal and provincial ridings often differ. They are drawn by different bodies, so they frequently have different names and different boundaries covering the same street. The guide asks for both separately — don't let one answer stand in for the other.

Drill

Primary source: Discover Canada, pages 98–99, plus research/exam-mechanics.md for current office-holders.

Ask your agent to look up your riding, MP and MPP if you tell it your postal code — then type them into the table above. They stay on this device.

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